Guglielmo Marconi was born in Bologna on on April 25th, 1874, of Giuseppe (rich landowner originating in a village in the Apennines between the Emilie and Tuscany), and of his second wife Annie Jameson (of the County of Wexford, located at the south of Ireland).

To have grown with the two languages was a crucial factor for its future career of cosmopolitan inventor (it kept a characteristic English accent when it spoke in Italian).

The many voyages accomplished with his/her mother are characteristic of the childhood of Guglielmo. Annie and her sons lengthily lived in England with Bedford, then they took the practice to spend the winter initially to Florence, then in Leghorn, while in summer, the family met in the Villa Scribbles, their principal residence, located in a beautiful zone of the hills close to Bologna.

The school course of Guglielmo Marconi was fragmented. He attended various institutes in Florence and Leghorn without never obtaining any diploma, but it followed by the private schools followed to look further into its interest for electrical engineering were very important for its formation.

Its passion for electrology carried it to build a workshop in the paternal house, where it was devoted to experiments and under investigation. Its ambition with becoming inventor comes from his “particular studies of electricity”, from which he thought of being able to draw some from the patents. Among the projects of this period, most interesting was undoubtedly that which he undertook the summer 1892: the construction of a battery which it presented to a contest whose first price was a sum of 2000 Liras, proposed by the review Elettricità. This first technical project undertaken by Marconi at the eighteen years age shows the direction which it followed as of his first steps in research. This one was directed towards concrete technological applications being able to be used industrially and marketed.

At the twenty years age, in 1894, it decided to be devoted in secrecy to the project thanks to which he became then the creator of the radiocommunications. The Marconi young person had been undoubtedly interested by the experiments on the magnetic waves carried out by Heinrich Rudolf Hertz (deceased in January 1894), whose reports had appeared in the scientific magazines. Its dream (“vision” is the English word that it used to define its first experiments of wireless telegraphy) was to exploit these waves to communicate remotely without wire.

The improvement of the “coherer” (tool which detects the magnetic waves) was at the base of its first successes. After many experiments, it understood that a better result was possible with a mixture of filings of nickel (96 %) and money (4 %) put between two money stoppers. It reduces the space which contained these particles, then there created the vacuum, and finally mounted an external antenna. The two devices which made it possible Marconi to carry out the first transmission of the letter “S” in 1895, were the earth electrode and the antenna.

These first experiments of wireless telegraphy marked the beginning of a long way that Marconi decided to undertake in order to develop his invention industrially. It showed in an ability equal to that of inventor.

Marconi arrived in February 1896 at London, it could count on the important support of his cousin engineer Henry Jameson Davis, who pushed it to write a patent quickly (deposited in June 1896) and to organize the first demonstrations of his invention. He presented his system of wireless telegraphy, particularly in William Preece, the chief technical officer of General Post Office.

In some by month it increased the distance from the transmissions which at the beginning did not exceed the 3 to 4 kilometers. In December, Preece held a conference on the invention of Marconi followed by a public demonstration of the new system of wireless telegraphy. In March 1897, Marconi carried out experiments and demonstrations with the Bristol-board channel where it exceeded the distance of 14 kilometers. The next summer, the Italian Navy invited Marconi to return to Italy to carry out scientific experiments whose results were brilliant.

In July 1897, Wireless Telegraph end Signal Co.Ltd was founded in London under the directions of Guglielmo Marconi and its cousin Henry Jameson Davis. In July 1898, the system of transmission acquired popularity at the time of the regattas of the Royal Yacht Club. On board a steamer, Marconi transmitted by telegraphy the phases of the race to the Daily Express of Dublin, which could appear with the results of the race before even as the boats had not sailed into the harbor. It was the first experiment of sporting radiophonic press which showed the utility of the wireless telegraphy for the marine services.

On March 27th, 1899, the first radio operator contact through the English Channel was established between two stations of fortune, one installed in Wimereux close to Boulogne-sur-mer, the other in South Floreland close to Dover. The first telegrams were exchanged between England and France at a distance of approximately 50 kilometers. In July of the following year, two warships of the British Navy transmitted messages to a distance going up to 140 kilometers. In September, Marconi was invited to New York by the naval Department of the United States, for the newspapers New York Herald and Evening Telegraph in order to ensure the service radio operator telegraphic (on board Ponce steamer) regattas of the Cut of America.

At the beginning of 1900, the company took the name of Marconi' S Wireless Telegraph Co. and little month afterwards, it deposited celebrates it patent n°7777 on the first syntonic devices. Thus the existence of a new dimension was discovered: the radioelectric spectrum, which opportunely divided and directed could allow the simultaneous communication of various signals without the least interference. This new discovery widens in an extraordinary way the communicative capacities of the radio. In the months which followed, the range of the communications reached 300 kilometers.

In 1901, the preparations to try the transmission of the signals through the Atlantic Ocean started. The experiment was a success, and there is not any doubt that it constituted more the big challenge of the career of Marconi, then 27 years old. On January 18th, 1903, the first station of great power was inaugurated in Cape Cod (Massachusetts) in the United States, carried out by the Marconi Company. With this occasion, a first telegraphic radio message between the United States and Great Britain were transmitted, of president Theodore Roosevelt to the king Edouard VII. In October 1907, the ambitious transatlantic program of Marconi was supplemented thanks to the unveiling of the first telegraphic radio operator public service between Europe and America.

In May 1903, Marconi went to Rome where it accepted the Roman citizenship. The scientist held a conference in Capitole and in the presence of the king and of the queen, and took part in the lunch of Quirinale organized in his honor. The following year, grateful sound deserves, the school of application for the engineers of Bologna conferred the diploma for the occupation of engineer to him. It was the first means of recognition allotted to Marconi, followed soon along his extraordinary career of 17 other diplomas, 20 scientific recognitions obtained in the whole world.

On March 16th, 1905, Guglielmo Marconi married Béatrice O' Brein. From this first union were born four children, a boy and three girls (the first died a few weeks after its birth). The news of the marriage was diffused in the press with the international level: from now on Marconi was one of the most famous men of planet. In April 1912 , the popularity of Marconi and his invention increased after the tragedy of Titanic. The survivors (approximately 700 people) celebrated the scientist: their saver, by offering a gold plate to him.

On December 30th, 1914, it was named Senator of the Kingdom of Italy, in recognition of the services and the merits which glorified the fatherland. In July 1915 , it was named Capitaine of the Genius in recognition of its exceptional merits and the task of inspection of the radio operator establishments telegraphic to the face was entrusted to him. During the war, Marconi found a technical function, and the Italian government entrusted some delicate and financial political loads to him. At the end of the conflict, in 1919, with the Conference of Peace in Paris, the Italian government named it plenipotentiary Délégué, but this experiment was disappointing. Thus Marconi decided to devote itself again to his research.

For this period, Marconi worked out the need for a change of technological road radical. The development of its discoveries was limited considering it had passed to the short waves and that it had given up the technology of the long waves. In 1923, Marconi conducted an important campaign of experiments on the properties of the short waves, and confirmed that its new direction in the sector radiotechnology was valid. Starting from the années' 20 the Marconi Company took an active part in the development of the radiotelefony and broadcasting. June 15th, 1920, dates important, in England with Chelmsford, was carried out for the first time the radiophonic transmission of the voice, with the concert of the professional singer Dame Nellie Melba .

Its career did not stop there, in 1927, it was named in Italy President of the National council of research; and in 1929 it was decorated with the hereditary title Marquis by the King with Italy, and in 1930 it was named President of the Academy of Italy. Even if the majority of its techno-industrial and commercial activities remained in England, its private life and public more bound it to Italy. Such a nationalism pushed it to adhere to Fascism since 1923. Purely formal and public adhesion with the political movement, was limited to a positive judgment of the transformations that Mussolini had started at the national level. However Marconi was among those which sought to slow down the German tendencies pro interns with the party, but he appreciated of them the ideals of supremacy of the man on science and nature. The person of Marconi allowed Mussolini to give again in Italy her dignity of great nation (at that time, Italy was not very estimated and Marconi had also the merit to erase this image of the public opinion).

As for the scientific research, to the beginning of the year thirty, once the system of the short waves in beam carried out, Marconi directed his interests on the radar, television and automatic navigation (Marconi radio beacon). On March 26th, 1930, the telegraphic impulses sent by Marconi caused the lighting of the two thousand electric bulbs of the Town hall of Sydney.

Guglielmo Marconi died in Rome on on July 20th, 1937 at the 63 years age. Among the many tributes which were addressed to him, an exceptional gesture is distinguished, accomplished in honor of parent of the radiocommunications: the radio stations of the whole world stopped during two minutes. On the newspapers and the scientific magazines, of the thousands of participations and funeral praises appeared. The funeral took place in Rome and the skin was exposed to the living room of honor of Farnésine, where hundreds of thousands of people paid homage to him. The body was transferred to Bologna; and in October 1941, it was transported in large pumps with the Mausoleum built with the feet of the Villa Scribbles, place even where Marconi, then 21 years old had begun his extraordinary adventure in the radiocommunications.

On the request of his family, 18 years old Marconi obtained from Augusto Righi (celebrates experimental physicist and professor) the permission to attend the workshop and the library of the Institute of Physics of the University of Bologna, and the private lessons. It was of a particular cultural atmosphere that Marconi had the intuition to use the electromagnetic waves to send remote signals without the use of the sons of the telegraphic transmissions.

Indeed, Righi studied the electromagnetic theory of the light of J. Clerk Maxwell and worked to improve the experiments of H.R. Hertz on the electromagnetic waves. At that time, Righi used oscillators which produced sparks or waves magnetic, and resonators or electromagnetic receivers of waves. After studyhaving studied the properties of them, Righi improved and extended the studies of Hertz disappeared in 1894.

Thus Marconi, hardly 20 years old, devoted itself to try out several devices in order to carry out his idea, in the peace of the family Villa Griffone, in Pontecchio (a few kilometres from Bologna). Its success was total, and in a certain Marconi way had envisaged it. In June 1926, at the time its speech held in the room of honor of Archiginnasio, at the time of the thirtieth birthday of the wireless telegraphy, while Marconi traversed the stages of his work, it anticipated its entry in a new phase of research. He affirmed that its life could be made up three ten years periods each one: the first of 1896 to 1906 or the assertion of the system radio operator Marconi; the second of 1906 to 1916 or improvements made possible thanks to the thermionic valve of Fleming; and the third marked by a new turning or the substitution of the long waves by the short waves with beam. It is with this system that the problem of the regularity to obtain radiocommunications of day as of night at a maximum distance (with the antipodes of the sphere) was solved.